Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd.

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Time of issue:2020-03-13 00:00:00

Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd.

Address: Pingyao Town Industrial Park, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province

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One of the necessary expertise for sound engineer to bring out good sound: loudness

Release date: 2020-03-03 15:50
The so-called hearing is the subjective response of people to sound. We know that any complex sound can be described by three physical quantities of sound: amplitude (sound intensity or sound pressure), frequency, and phase. But for the feeling of the human ear, sound is described by three other quantities, namely loudness, tone and timbre, which is what we usually call the "three elements of sound". In addition, the human ear can distinguish the direction of the sound and the distance to the human ear.
 
I. Loudness
 
The loudness of a sound is related to the amplitude (sound pressure) of the sound wave. For signals of the same frequency, the greater the sound pressure, the greater the loudness. However, the human ears have different loudness sensations (sensitivity) to sounds with different frequencies, that is, for sounds with different frequencies and the same sound pressure, they will feel different loudnesses. Sound in the frequency range of 3 to 4 kHz is easy to feel (higher sensitivity), while sound in the lower or higher frequency range is not easy to feel. The curve describing the relationship between sound pressure level and frequency under equal loudness is called equal loudness curve.
 
In the figure, the abscissa represents pure tone signals of different frequencies, and the unit is Hertz (Hertz); the ordinate represents the amplitude of the corresponding sound wave (sound pressure level); Different units on the same iso-loudness curve are pure tone signals with decibel (dB) frequency and different sound pressure levels, giving people the same sense of loudness. For example: 50dB / 100Hz pure tone and 40dB / 1kHz pure tone are equal, because they are on the same contour curve. That is to say, you want to make a 100Hz bass and 40dB / 1kHz The midrange sounds as loud as it is necessary to make a signal of 100 Hz 10 dB higher than 1 kHz. From the figure we can draw the following simple conclusions:
 
1. The sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies of sound is different. Specifically, the sensitivity for 3 ~ 4 kHz sound is high. As the frequency increases and decreases towards both ends of 3 ~ 4 kHz, the overall trend is that the sensitivity decreases.
 
2. The sensitivity of the human ear to sounds of different frequencies is also related to the size of the sound pressure. As the sound pressure decreases, the sensitivity of the human ear to low and high frequencies is reduced, especially for low frequency sounds. This is why when we turn the volume down (ie, at a low sound pressure level), even if there are more bass components in the program, we still feel that the bass is insufficient. (Above 80 decibels and above), you will feel the richness of the bass.
 
It can be seen from the isometric curve that if the sound is reproduced at a sound pressure level lower than that of the original sound (during recording), the bass and treble need to be boosted by the equalizer to ensure the original tone balance. For example, if a band is playing, if both low frequency and high frequency are recorded at about 100 dB, because the equal loudness curve is almost flat at this time, the bass and treble sounds similarly loud. If the sound pressure level during playback is low, such as 50 decibels, the 50 Hz sound can be heard just now, while the sound of 1 kHz sounds 50 squares, and other sounds of different frequencies have different loudness Level, so it sounds like both low frequency and high frequency sounds are lost, that is, the original tone has changed. At this time, if you want a 50 Hz sound to sound about the same loudness as a 1 kHz sound, you must increase it by about 20 dB. It can be seen that the equal loudness curve is one of the important basis for us to use the equalizer.

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Time of issue:2020-03-19 00:00:00
Hangzhou Kaqi Audio Co., Ltd.

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